Wearable bioelectronics have emerged as a transformative class of technologies enabling continuous, non-invasive monitoring of physiological and biochemical signals through skin-conformal, wireless systems. These platforms integrate soft, stretchable materials with miniaturized sensors and electronics to establish seamless interfaces with the human body, capable of real-time data acquisition and closed-loop feedback. Among the most compelling applications of these systems are sweat-based biochemical sensing, neuromuscular monitoring for dysphagia, and intelligent wound healing management—three distinct yet complementary domains where traditional diagnostic tools fall short in terms of continuity, comfort, and usability. In the context of sweat sensing, these devices incorporate electrochemical sensors and microfluidic channels into soft substrates to detect biomarkers such as sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate, and cortisol directly from perspiration. The combination of selective sensor chemistries and on-board signal conditioning enables high-fidelity tracking of hydration levels, metabolic activity, and stress response, with wireless data transmission via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to smartphones or cloud-based systems for real-time feedback. These capabilities make the technology suitable not only for fitness and performance monitoring, but also for chronic disease management and occupational health applications. For dysphagia, a neuromuscular condition characterized by impaired swallowing, current diagnostic methods like videofluoroscopy are limited to clinical settings and offer only episodic insights. Flexible bioelectronics provide a wearable, high-resolution alternative by integrating surface electromyography (EMG) sensors and soft strain gauges into devices conforming to the submental and laryngeal regions. These sensors detect swallow events, muscle coordination, and laryngeal elevation in real time, while embedded processing units analyze these data streams using machine learning algorithms to extract clinically actionable metrics such as swallow strength, timing, and irregular patterns. This allows for longitudinal tracking of disease progression and enables closed-loop biofeedback interventions for rehabilitation, particularly in patients with neurodegenerative conditions or post-stroke impairments. In the realm of wound healing, these devices are being designed as soft, adhesive bandages with integrated sensors that monitor parameters such as temperature, pH, and impedance to assess healing progress and detect early signs of infection. Real-time feedback from these sensors supports personalized wound care and reduces the need for frequent manual inspections, which are often subjective and delayed. Advanced configurations even include therapeutic modules, such as controlled drug release or electrical stimulation, creating smart, closed-loop wound care systems. Across all three applications, the core enabling technologies—stretchable electronics, wireless communication, low-power processing, and materials engineered for biocompatibility—converge to create platforms that are unobtrusive, accurate, and robust for real-world deployment. These systems signify a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery, expanding the scope of physiological monitoring from episodic and clinic-bound to continuous, personalized, and wearable. As these technologies mature, they offer the potential to democratize access to high-quality care, empower patient self-management, and provide clinicians with granular data streams that enhance diagnostic precision and therapeutic outcomes.
