Product Manager - Sustainability TechInsights, United States
Semiconductor manufacturing relies on critical materials whose supply chain vulnerabilities pose significant risks to technological and economic security. This study applies risk assessment frameworks to materials used in semiconductor manufacturing across a range of legacy to novel technologies, from a U.S. perspective in 2025. Using proprietary data and in a partnership with TechInsights, we quantify the risks inherent in a domestic microchip manufacturing operation given material inputs to the integrated circuit fabrication process. The study evaluates supply concentration, price volatility, and carbon emissions. We quantify risks for key materials such as gallium, tellurium, and process gasses. Our analysis identifies lack of domestic activity in refining and processing final inputs as a primary concern, alongside limited domestic reserves and recycling. Findings indicate that of 26 metals evaluated, 11 are produced in USA in relatively small volumes to some concentration, while 12 are totally acquired as imports. Virtually all critical materials evaluated are geographically constrained and exposed to risk from a U.S. perspective, necessitating policy action to reduce supply risk. This work provides a framework to appreciate materials risk in semiconductor manufacturing supply chains in the U.S.
